METODOLOGI PROGRAM RISET BISNIS DAN REVOLUSI SAINS: KERANGKA DASAR FILSAFAT ILMU IMRE LAKATOS DAN THOMAS S. KUHN

Abstract

This research identifies a concept through the research of Thomas Khun and the thought of Imre Lakatos called the "Science Revolution and Research Program Methodology", which is considered to have succeeded in bringing together the Popperian falsification principle and the Kuhnian paradigm, as well as making the two principles functional as a methodology for developing science. Lakatos's efforts have in fact made a major contribution to the development of the Philosophy of Science, because not only emphasizes that the development of science must be carried out in a collaborative and sustainable manner, but at the same time he offers methodological support. Moreover, Lakatos' offer also provides an "undeniable" assumption which he calls "the hard core" as an integral part of "scientific building". The existence and position of the hard core has made it possible for Islamic science, as a religion-based science, not only to be developed, but also to have found its methodological basis. Kuhn's thinking is a rebellion against the paradigm of positivism (such as that of Karl Raimund Popper, Paul Feuerabend, or Stephen Toulmin). Kuhn's ideas are very radical and have contributed greatly to postpositivism and postmodern epistemology with its pluralism of scientific paradigms. Kuhn's view of the history of science, the transition from one theory to another, and thus also means the shift from one paradigm to another does not occur because of logical reasoning, but rather because of a paradigm shift which he calls the scientific revolution.