STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING VOTE BUYING AND ENFORCING VILLAGE APPARATUS NEUTRALITY IN THE 2024 ELECTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24076/bqh1vw61Keywords:
Vote buying, Political neutrality, Village apparatus, Open list proportional system, Electoral integrityAbstract
This study aims to analyze strategies for preventing vote buying and enforcing the neutrality of village officials in the 2024 General Election in East Lampung Regency within the context of the open list proportional electoral system. The study focuses on the persistence of vote buying practices and indications of non-neutral behavior among village officials that potentially undermine electoral integrity at the local level. This research applies Arend Lijphart’s (1994) electoral system theory, which argues that electoral system design influences political competition and the behavior of electoral actors. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews and documentation techniques involving election organizers, election supervisory bodies, and village officials. The findings indicate that the open list proportional system intensifies personalized competition among candidates, including within the same political party, thereby encouraging transactional practices such as vote buying to secure electoral support. The study also identified indications of violations of village officials’ neutrality, although many cases were not formally reported. Therefore, strengthening political education for voters, neutrality training for village officials, participatory monitoring mechanisms, and accessible public reporting systems is necessary to improve electoral integrity and transparency.
References
Aspinall, E., & Mietzner, M. (2023). Democracy for sale: Elections, clientelism, and the state in Indonesia. Cornell University Press.
Aspinall, E., Muhtadi, B., & Hamdi, A. Z. (2022). Vote buying in Indonesia: The mechanics of electoral bribery. NUS Press.
Aspinall, E., & Sukmajati, M. (Eds.). (2016). Electoral dynamics in Indonesia: Money politics, patronage and clientelism at the grassroots. NUS Press.
Aspinall, E., & Sukmajati, M. (2019a). Politik uang di Indonesia: Patronase dan klienelisme pada pemilu legislatif 2014. PolGov UGM.
Aspinall, E., & Sukmajati, M. (2019b). Vote Buying in Indonesia: The Mechanics of Electoral Bribery. Palgrave Macmillan.
Aulia, D. (2020). Penguatan demokrasi: Partai politik dan (sistem) pemilu sebagai pilar demokrasi. Masyarakat Indonesia.
Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. (2024). Laporan pengawasan Pemilu serentak tahun 2024. Bawaslu RI.
Bawaslu Lampung. (2024). Laporan temuan pelanggaran pemilu 2024 di Provinsi Lampung.
Bawaslu Republik Indonesia. (2024). Laporan Pengawasan Pemilu 2024: Politik Uang dan Netralitas ASN. In Badan Pengawas Pemilu RI. https://www.bawaslu.go.id/
Bjornlund, E. (2004). Beyond free and fair: Monitoring elections and building democracy. Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Buehler, M. (2016). he Political Economy of Grassroots Campaigning in Indonesia: The Rise of Money Politics in Local Elections. Asian Studies Review.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and its critics. Yale University Press.
Denzin, N. K. (2012). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(2), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437186
Detikcom. (2024). Caleg PAN di Lampung Timur divonis 8 bulan karena politik uang. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7167656/caleg-pan-di-lampung-timur-divonis-8-bulan-karena-politik-uang
Diamond, L. (2008). The spirit of democracy: The struggle to build free societies throughout the world. Times Books.
Dwipayana, A. A. G. (2019a). Birokrasi dan Politik di Desa: Dinamika Kekuasaan dan Pelayanan Publik. LIPI Pres
Fitriyani, R. (2021). Netralitas ASN dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilu dan Pilkada: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Sosial Politik,.
Habermas, J. (1996a). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. MIT Press.
Hadiz, V. R., & Robison, R. (2017). Reorganising power in Indonesia: The politics of oligarchy in an age of markets (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Hicken, A. (2011). Clientelism. Annual Review of Political Science, 14, 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.22050.
Iswandi. (2025). wawancara.
Kamaludin. (2025). Wawancara Bawaslu.
Kompas.com. (2024). Caleg PAN di Lampung Timur terbukti bagi-bagi uang, divonis 8 bulan penjara. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2024/02/05/20240041/caleg-pan-di-lampung-timur-terbukti-bagi-bagi-uang-divonis-8-bulan-penjara
Korupsi, K. P. (2022). Kajian Politik Uang dalam Pemilihan Umum dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengembangan KPK.
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Lampung, bawaslu provinsi. (2024). Kolaborasi KPK dan Bawaslu Lampung gencarkan kampanye anti politik uang menjelang Pilkada 2024. https://lampung.bawaslu.go.id/kolaborasi-kpk-dan-bawaslu-lampung-gencarkan-kampanye-anti-politik-uang-menjelang-pilkada-2024/
Lampung, B. P. P. U. P. (2024). Laporan Pengawasan Netralitas Aparatur pada Pemilu 2024. Bawaslu Provinsi Lampung.
Lijphart, A. (1994). Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945–1990. Oxford University Press.
Maravall, J. M., & Przeworski, A. (2003). Democracy and the rule of law. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610057
Medcom.id. (2024). Caleg PAN di Lampung Timur Terbukti Politik Uang, Divonis 8 Bulan. https://www.medcom.id/nasional/daerah/GNGVp0Gk-caleg-pan-di-lampung-timur-terbukti-politik-uang-divonis-8-bulan
Mietzner, M. (2020). Authoritarian Innovations in Indonesia: Electoral Narrowing, Identity Politics and Executive Illiberalism. Democratization, 27(6), 1021–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1719700
Muhtadi. (2019). Buying votes in Indonesia: Partisans, personal networks, and winning elections.
Muhtadi, B. (2020). Politik uang dan klienelisme dalam pemilu Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 17(2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v17i2.877
Nahudin, Y. E. (2018). Pemilihan umum dalam sistem demokrasi perspektif sila ke-4 Pancasila. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum.
Norris, P. (2014). Why Electoral Integrity Matters. Cambridge University Press.
Orb, A., Eisenhauer, L., & Wynaden, D. (2001). Ethics in qualitative research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(1), 93–96.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Perludem. (2019). Laporan pemantauan pemilu 2019.
Perludem. (2024). Catatan awal Pemilu 2024: Evaluasi penegakan keadilan pemilu di Indonesia. Perkumpulan untuk Pemilu dan Demokrasi.
Permana, R. E. (2021). Netralitas ASN dalam Pemilu: Antara Regulasi dan Realita di Lapangan. . Jurnal Politik Indonesia.
Schwartz-Shea, P., & Yanow, D. (2012). Interpretive research design: Concepts and processes. Routledge.
Scott, J. C. (1972). Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia. American Political Science Review, 66(1), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1959280
Stokes, S. C., Dunning, T., Nazareno, M., & Brusco, V. (2013). Brokers, voters, and clientelism. Cambridge University Press.
Suryadinata, L. (2022). State and society in contemporary Indonesia. ISEAS. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814951082
Tranggana, A. U. (2023). PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU MEMILIH PARTAI POLITIK. https://journal.bawaslu.go.id/index.php/JBDKI/article/view/300?utm_source
Wijaya, Y. (2025). Wawancara.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Gusniar, Tabah Maryanah, Robi Cahyadi Kurniawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish articles in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Social Politics and Governance journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
