Perdagangan Perempuan Nepal ke India dan Peran Jejaring Feminis Transnasional
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nepal has faced high rates of woman trafficking to India for a long time. Various efforts were made but the rate did not decrease. This article intended to examine this phenomenon by examining the transnational feminist network (TFN), such as The Global Alliance Against Women Trafficking (GAAWT). GAAWT focuses on changes in the political, economic, social, legal system and structures related to the practice of trafficking in women by using a human rights approach to people who are regulated, non-discriminatory, uphold equality and uphold the principles of accountability, participation, and inclusiveness in the methodology, organizational structure and procedures. This study utilizes qualitative methods and transnational feminism theoretical framework. The result shows that GAAWT TFN has played a role in overcoming the issue of trafficking of Nepalese women to India by voicing the human rights of women in Nepal with a human rights approach. Even so, the trafficking of Nepalese women to India is still high. Therefore, evaluating approaches that pay attention to cultural aspects as well as various political identities at play can increase the effectiveness of TFN.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
CEDAW Nepal. (2011) Shadow Report on the 4th & 5th Periodic Report by The Government of Nepal on CEDAW. Tersedia di: https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1152605/1930_1314007608_fwld-nepalcedaw49.pdf (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
Dahal, P., Joshi, S.K., & Swahnberg, K. (2015) “We are looked down upon and rejected socially’: a qualitative study on the experiences of trafficking survivors in Nepal”, Global Health Action, (8)1, DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.29267 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2020).
Deane, T. (2010) “Cross-Border Trafficking in Nepal and India—Violating Women’s Rights”, vol. 11, pp. 491 – 513. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-010-0162-y (Diakses: 27 Juli 2020).
GAATW. (2012) Annual Report 2012. Tersedia di: https://gaatw.org/GAATW%20Reports/2012_GAATW_Annual_Report%20_webversion.pdf (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
GAATW. (2013) Annual Report 2013. Tersedia di: https://www.gaatw.org/GAATW%20Reports/2013_Annual_Report.pdf (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
GAATW. (2014) Annual Report 2014.. Tersedia di: https://www.gaatw.org/about-us/annual-reports (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
GAATW. (2015) Annual Report 2015. Tersedia di: https://gaatw.org/GAATW%20Reports/2015_GAATW_Annual_Report.pdf (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
GAATW. (2016) Annual Report 2016.. Tersedia di: https://gaatw.org/GAATW%20Reports/2016_GAATW_Annual_Report.pdf (Diakses: 22 Juni 2020).
GGATW. (n.d.) Basic Principles of GGATW (Online). Tersedia di: https://www.gaatw.org/about-us/basic-principles (Diakses: 27 Juli 2020).
GGATW. (n.d.) Global Alliance Against Women Trafficking History (Online) Available at: https://www.gaatw.org/about-us/history (Diakses: 19 Desember 2020).
Grewal, I., & Kaplan, C. (1994) Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Horizons The Asia Foundation. (2001) Prevention of Trafficking and the Care and Support of Trafficked Persons In the Context of an Emerging HIV/AIDSEpidemic in Nepal (Online).
Tersedia di: https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/NepalTrafficking.pdf (Diakses: 16 Juli 2020).
Joshi, S. (2001) “Cheli?Beti’ Discourses of Trafficking and Constructions of Gender, Citizenship and Nation in Modern Nepal”, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, (24)1, pp. 157-175, DOI: 10.1080/00856400108723442 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2020).
Kempadoo, K. (2001) Women of Color and the Global Sex Trade: Transnational Feminist Perspectives. York University.
Mogadham, V. M. (2000) Transnational Feminist Networks, Collectuve Action in an Era of Globalization. International Sociology. SAGE.
Moghadam, V. M. (2005) Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks. John Hopkins University Press.
Mohanty, C. T. (2013) “Transnational Feminist Crossings: On Neoliberalism and Radical Critique”, Journal of Women in Culture and Society, (38)4, pp. 967 – 991. Tersedia di: https://doi.org/10.1086/669576 (Diakses: 22 Juli 2020).
NHRC. (2018) Trafficking In Persons In Nepal. Lalitapur: National Human Rights Commission.
Prajapati, P. (2008) Feminist Movements from Global to Local: Has it helped Women Empowerment Process? Patriarchy and Status of Nepali Women. Nepal Research.
Retyaningtyas, W. (2018) “Peran Jejaring Feminis Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law, and Development (APWLD) dalam Merepresentasikan Hak Asasi Perempuan” Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, (11)1, pp. 73 – 90.
Sarkar, S. (2016) “Trafficking of Women and Girls for Sex Trade from Nepal to India. Challenge”, (59)5, pp. 434-458. DOI: 10.1080/05775132.2016.1226090 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2020).
Trafficking Report. (2007) US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (Online). Tersedia di: https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/index.htm (Diakses: 27 Juli 2020).
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2018) The Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. New York: United Nations.