Upaya Tiongkok dalam Mengatasi Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antardaerah pada Masa Kepemimpinan Jiang Zemin dan Hu Jintao
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Published:
Dec 31, 2019
Keywords:
Chinese, Development, Policy, Inequality, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao
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Abstract
The Chinese economic revolution launched since 1978 by Deng Xiaoping put national economic growth as a priority but ruled out the aspect of equity which was one of the main characteristics of the socialist state. The reVolution resulted a spectacular national economic growth as well as inequality between regions in China. Therefore, the Chinese Government, since the leadership of Jiang Zemin and continued by Hu Jintao, has been trying to improve the condition. This article will explain the strategies and policies of equitable development between regions in China during the reign of Jiang and Hu. By using descriptive qualitative methods, the data used are secondary data obtained from official publications of the Chinese government and supported by scientific articles that can be accessed through the internet. The results obtained indicate the seriousness of the Chinese Government under Jiang and Hu in revising national development priorities. The target of economic growth is lowered and no longer became a priority of development programs. On the other hand, underdeveloped regional development programs such as infrastructure and industrial development are accelerated to catch up with the developed regions.
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How to Cite
Wibawa, A. and Arisanto, P. T. (2019) “Upaya Tiongkok dalam Mengatasi Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antardaerah pada Masa Kepemimpinan Jiang Zemin dan Hu Jintao”, Nation State: Journal of International Studies, 2(2), pp. 105-122. doi: 10.24076/NSJIS.2019v2i2.152.
Section
Research Article
References
Buku dan Terbitan
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Artikel Jurnal
Crane, Bret. (et.al) (2018) “China’s Special Economic Zones: An Analysis of Policy to Reduce Regional Disparities,” Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol. 5, No. 1.
Deng, Xiangzheng & Bai, Xuemei. (2014) “Sustainable Urbanization in Western China,” Environment Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 56, No. 3.
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Allison, G.T. Is War Between China and the U.S Inevitable? September 2018, diakses 8 Juni 2019.
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Winanti, Poppy S. Penguatan Posisi Runding Indonesia dengan Megatraders dalam Perdagangan Internasional. Paper dipresentasikan dalam Seminar “Forum Kajian Kebijakan Luar Negeri: Penguatan Kinerja Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Rezim Investasi dan Perdagangan Internasional”, UGM, 22 September 2015.
Azarhoushang, Behzad; Wu, Jennifer Pédussel & Zaroki, Shahryar. (2019) “Chinese regional inequality and sectoral foreign direct investment,” Working Paper, No. 119/2019, Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE), Berlin.
Cable, Vince. (2017) “Deng: Architect of The Chinese Superpower,” dalam Jie, Yu (ed), From Deng to Xi: Economic Reform, The Silk Road and The Return of The Middle Kingdom, Ideas Publishing, London.Liao, F.H., and Wei, Y.D. (2016) “Sixty Years of Regional Inequality in China: Trends, Scales and Mechanisms,” Working Paper Series N° 202. Rimisp, Santiago, Chile.
Song, Xiaowu, Wu, Shiguo., & Xu, Xin. (2019) The Great Change in the Regional Economy of China under the New Normal, Zhejiang University Press, Beijing.
Winarno, Budi. (2013) Etika Pembangunan, CAPS, Yogyakarta.
Artikel Jurnal
Crane, Bret. (et.al) (2018) “China’s Special Economic Zones: An Analysis of Policy to Reduce Regional Disparities,” Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol. 5, No. 1.
Deng, Xiangzheng & Bai, Xuemei. (2014) “Sustainable Urbanization in Western China,” Environment Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 56, No. 3.
Fan, C.C. (2006) “China’s Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) - From Getting Rich First to Common Prosperity,”Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 47, No. 6.
Jung, Hsiung-Shen & Chen, Jui-Lung., (2019) “Causes, Consequences and Impact of the Great Leap Forward in China,“ Asian Culture and History, Vol. 11, No. 2.
Li, Huaqun. & Haynes, Kingsley, (2012) “Foreign direct investment and China's regional inequality in the era of new regional development strategy,” Regional Science Policy and Practice, Vol. 4, No. 3.
Lu, Zheng & Deng, Xiang. (2013) “Regional Policy and Regional Development: A Case Study of China’s Western Development Strategy,” Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Vol. 15, No. 1.
Naughton,B.J. (2005)“The New Common Economic Program: China’s Eleventh Five Year Plan and What It Means,”China Leadership Monitor, No. 16.
Shen, Hongyan., Teng, Fei. & Song, Jinping., (2018) “Evaluation of Spatial Balance of China’s Regional Development,” Journal Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 9.
Zhao, Gang. (2014) “The Qing Opening to the Ocean: Chinese Maritime Policies, 1684-1757,” The American Historical Review, Vol. 119, Issue 3.
Artikel Internet
Gu, J. (2012) China Approves 12 Five Year Plan for Western Region [daring]. Tersedia di: http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2012/02/27/china-approves-12th-fiveyear-plan-for-western-regions.html (Diakses: 17 Juli 2019).
Lu, Zheng & Deng, Xiang. (2011) China’s Western Development Strategy: Policies, Effects and Prospects, [daring]. Tersedia di: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/35201 (Diakses: 17 Juli 2019).
The Observatory of Economic Complexity: OEC. (t.t) [daring]. Tersedia di: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/chn/ (Diakses: 7 Juli 2019).
Report on the Outline of the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-range Objectives to the Year 2010 (daring). Tersedia di: http://www.china.org.cn/95e/95-english1/2.htm (Diakses: 19 Desember 2019).
Smith, Rob. (2018) The World's Biggest Economies in 2018 [daring]. Tersedia di: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/04/the-worlds-biggest-economies-in-2018/ (Diakses: 5 Juli 2019).
Third-Front / Third-Line (t.t) Global Security.org (daring). Tersedia di: https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/third-front.htm (Diakses: 19 Desember 2019).
Yasuo, Onishi. (2001) Chinese Economy in the 21st Century and the Strategy for Developing the Western Region, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization [daring]. Tersedia di: http://d-arch.ide.go.jp/idedp/SPT/SPT002200_003.pdf (Diakses: 25 Juli 2019).
The World Bank in China. (2019, The World Bank [daring]. Tersedia di: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/overview (Diakses: 18 Desember 2019).
Video
Allison, G.T. Is War Between China and the U.S Inevitable? September 2018,
Paper
Winanti, Poppy S. Penguatan Posisi Runding Indonesia dengan Megatraders dalam Perdagangan Internasional. Paper dipresentasikan dalam Seminar “Forum Kajian Kebijakan Luar Negeri: Penguatan Kinerja Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Rezim Investasi dan Perdagangan Internasional”, UGM, 22 September 2015.