Gender Inequality in Pakistan Caused by Domestic Factors and Conflict Resolving Based on CEDAW
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Gender inequality in Pakistan has been going for a long time from year to year. This can be evidenced by the results of a report from The Global Gender Gap Index in 2018 that was released by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Pakistan was the second worst country in the world in terms of gender equality, especially for the treatment of women, which ranks 148th out of 149 country. The aims of research are women’s participation is needed in a country by guaranteeing their freedom and welfare of state. If the lack of women's participation will be one of the roots of socio-economic and demographic problems that have been experienced by Pakistan until today. This research will use qualitative research methods, that emphasize the observation and understanding of a social phenomenon, where data is collected through secondary data and literature review. This research will use two theoretical frameworks, they are: Feminism and Human Rights. The main finding of the research was found in detail about how the problem of gender inequality in Pakistan; the reasons of gender inequality has been going on for a long time; and how about the conflict resolving from Pakistan Government based on International Law.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Agustina, R. (2014) Perempuan Pakistan Tetap Bekerja Meski Upah Minim. Sindo News (Online). Available at: https://nasional.sindonews.com/berita/935427/149/perempuan-pakistan-tetap-bekerja-meski-upah-minim (Accessed: 5 July 2020).
Ahmed, A. (2018) Pakistan Among Worst Performers on Gender Equality: WEF. DAWN News (Online). Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1452284 (Accessed: 5 July 2020).
Asruchin, M. (2012) Honour Killing di Pakistan, Wanita Sebagai Lembaga Properti dan Lambang Kehormatan Pria. Kompasiana (Online). Available at: https://www.kompasiana.com/asruchin/55125c7c8133119e53bc67c0/honour-killing-di-pakistan-wanita-sebagai-properti-dan-lambang-kehormatan-pria (Accessed: 5 July 2020).
Asruchin, M. (2018) Honour Killing di Pakistan. Kompasiana (Online). Available at: https://www.kompasiana.com/asruchin/5a54a25ecaf7db03530c85f2/honour-killing-di-pakistan?page=all (Accessed: 6 July 2020).
Bhanbaro, Sadiq, Wassan, M. Rafique, Shah, Muhbat, Talpur, Ashfaq A, Aijaz Ali. (2013) Karo Kari: The Murder of Honour in Sindh Pakistan: An Ethnography Study (Online). Vol. 3, No. 7: 1467-1484, pp. 3-19. Available at: https://shura.shu.ac.uk/7287/1/KARO_KARI_-THE_MURDER_OF_HONOUR_IN_SINDH_PAKISTAN_AN_ETHNOGRAPHIC_STUDY.pdf (Accessed: 6 July 2020).
CEDAW. (1979) United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York: United Nations. Annual Report.
CEDAW. (2005) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. United Nations. Annual Report.
Chairani, M. (2018) Hambatan dalam Implementasi CEDAW di Pakistan: Studi Kasus Honour Killing (Online) Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 144-145. Available at: http://repository.unair.ac.id/69558/3/JURNAL_Fis.HI.02%2018%20Cha%20h.pdf (Accessed: 6 July 2020).
Cochran, M. Q. (2007) A Guide To Using Qualitative Research Methodology. United Kingdom: Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) Publisher.
Direktorat, J. K. (2019) Memahami Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Artikel DJKN. (Online). Available at: https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/artikel/baca/12773/Memahami-Metode-Penelitian-Kualitatif.html (Accessed: 7 July 2020).
Fondation, W. I. (2019) Gender Pay Gap Around the World 2019: Gender Pay Gap in Asia in % - Ranked According to World Economic Forum - 2019 Data -Check Pakistan. Wage Indicator (Online). Available at: https://paycheck.pk/salary/gender-pay-gap (Accessed: 7 July 2020).
Hancock, B. E. (2009) An Introduction to Qualitative Research (Online). Available at: https://www.rds-yh.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/5_Introduction-to-qualitative-research-2009.pdf (Accessed: 6 July 2020).
Hisam, Z. (2016) Gender Wage Gap. DAWN News (Online). Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1260629 (Accessed: 7 July 2020).
HRCP, H. R. (2004) Media Monitoring of Human Rights Violations and Concerns in Pakistan. HRCP: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. Annual Report.
Ijaz, S. (2019) Pakistan Should Not Again Fail 'Honour Killing' Victim. Human Rights Watch News (Online). Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/22/pakistan-should-not-again-fail-honor-killing-victim (Accessed: 7 July 2020).
Jamal, H. (2015) The Origin of Honour Killing (Karo-Kari) in Sindh Pakistan: A Discussion on Islamic Context (Online). Vol. 7, pp. 66-70. Available at: https://sujo.usindh.edu.pk/index.php/THE-WOMEN/article/view/631/464 (Accessed: 6 July 2020).
Khan, A. (1999) Mobility of Women and Access to Health and Family Planning Services in Pakistan. pp. 39-48. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0968-8080%2899%2990005-8 (Accessed: 8 July 2020).
McCusker, S. G. (2015) Research Using Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed Methods and Choice Based on the Research (Online). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25378417/ (Accessed: 8 July 2020).
Muliadi. (2009) Hak Asasi Manusia. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Mursalin, F. U. (2017) Efektivitas Implementasi Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Woman (CEDAW) Terhadap Penurunan Diskriminasi Perempuan di Pakistan. Skripsi Departemmen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Makasar: S1 FISIP/ Hubungan Internasional. Universitas Hasanuddin.
Nations, U. (1979) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York: United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner 18 December 1979” (Online). Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cedaw.aspx (Accessed: 8 July 2020).
Pratiwi, R. D. (2012) Kajian Teori Gender. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: S1 Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Quresh, U. (2019) Pakistan Has Highest Gender Wage Gap in World. DAWN News (Online). Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1471148 (Accessed: 9 July 2020).
Reuters. (2017) Women Must Wait 217 Years to Earn the Same as Men, Index Says. DAWN News (Online). Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1368023 (Accessed: 9 July 2020).
Human Right, U. N. (2008) What Are Human Rights. United Nations Human Rights. Annual Report.
Soetjipto, A. (2013) Gender Dalam Hubungan Internasional: Sebuah Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Talpur, M. (2017) Women and Wages in Pakistan. Daily Times (Online). Available at: https://dailytimes.com.pk/135254/women-wages-pakistan/ (Accessed: 9 July 2020).